Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) didirikan tidak semata berurusan dengan problem politik dan keagamaan yang terjadi di Hijaz (semenanjung Arab). Ada alasan domestik yang juga tidak kalah penting, bahkan sangat penting, yakni memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Sudah banyak tokoh nasional melakukan persiapan-persiapan guna perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia dengan membentuk sebuah organisasi, baik sosial dan keagamaan. Sepanjang yang saya fahami dari sejarah perkembangan terbentuknya NU, terlihat jelas usaha keras para kyai dalam mempersiapkan masyarakat Indonesia untuk berjuang demi kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Melawan penjajahan tidak bisa hanya dilakukan oleh elit atau dukungan sekelompok pasukan perang, tetapi harus benar-benar melibatkan kekuatan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Disadari bahwa selama ratusan tahun bangsa Indonesia hidup dalam cengkraman kolonialisme. Tidak mudah mengajak dan menggerakkan masyarakat untuk melawan kolonialisme. Di saat kesadaran para tokoh bangsa Indonesia saat itu untuk bersatu melawan kolonialisme, maka para kyai menempuh upaya yang sistematis dan fundamental. Mengapa saya sebut demikian, karena persiapan yang dilakukan terlihat bertahap dan menyentuh kebutuhan mendasar dalam pergerakan perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Dimulai pada tahun 1916, para kyai yang dikoordinir oleh KH Wahab Hasbullah membentuk lembaga pendidikan dengan nama Nahdlatul Wathan (Kebangkitan Tanah Air). Nama, tidak sekedar nama, tetapi pemilihan nama inilah yang penting. Sudah banyak sekolah didirikan ketika itu, tetapi spirit mencintai tanah air ditekankan melalui penamaan Nahdlatul Wathan. Sekolah bukan sekedar sekolah, tetapi sekolah yang menanamkan kecintaan tanah air. Melalui ini, para kyai hendak menata masyarakat dengan rasa cinta tanah air. Bagaimana mungkin perjuangan melawan kolonialisme dan berharap merdeka, tanpa didasari kecintaan pada tanah airnya? Tanah air yang dimaksud adalah Indonesia, bukan suku atau kelompok. Mempersiapkan masyarakat yang mencintai tanah air, kelak akan menjadi kekuatan yang dahsyat dalam pertempuran dan perjuangan kemerdekaan. Inilah yang saya sebut pilar kemasyarakatan pertama.
Apakah rasa cinta saja cukup untuk melakukan sebuah gerakan besar melawan kolonialsime dan memperjuangkan kemerdekaan sebuah bangsa? Para kyai, memandang itu belum cukup. Rasa saja, jika tidak diimbangi oleh pemikiran yang sehat dan cerdas hanya akan menimbulkan fanatik buta dan mudah ditipu. Tahun 1918, para kyai kemudian mendirikan Taswirul Afkar (Pertukaran Pemikiran). Lagi-lagi, soal penamaan. Bagi saya, pemberian nama memiliki makna yang penting. Taswirul Afakar lebih berbentuk perkumpulan yang mengurusi bidang pendidikan, dakwah dan sosial. Ini berarti lebih luas dibanding Nahdlatul Wathan sebelumnya, yang fokus pada pendidikan. Kegiatan berdiskusi, berdebat dan mengkaji berbagai pemikiran yang berkembang menjadi fondasi aktivitas Taswirul Afkar. Dengan demikian, sebenarnya organisasi ini adalah kebangkitan pemikiran (Nahdlatul Fikr). Melalui ini, masyarakat sedang disiapkan dari sisi pemikiran, ide, konsep dan pencerahan kesadaran. Setelah membangun rasa cinta tanah air, maka perlu didukung oleh masyarakat yang tercerahkan pemikirannya, sehingga mampu melahirkan tokoh-tokoh yang memiliki strategi cerdas dan unggul dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Pilar kedua ini, dengan kata lain adalah pilar kesadaran.
Dalam waktu yang bersamaan- 1918, para kyai juga mendirikan Nahdlatut Tujjar (Kebangkitan Saudagar). Alasan utama didirikannya organisasi ini adalah dalam rangka membangun perekonomiat masyarakat yang saat itu benar-benar memprihatinkan. Melaluinya diharapkan keterlibatan para saudara (orang kaya) dalam kegiatan keagamaan dan sosial, tetapi jauh lebih penting adalah bagaimana masyarakat bisa mengembangkan potensinya sehingga tidak bergantung pihak lain dan bisa hidup mandiri secara ekonomi serta bermartabat. Ekonomi bisa disederhanakan sebagai urusan perut. Bagaimana mungkin berjuang untuk merdeka, sementara perut rakyat kosong? Dengan kemandirian ekonomi yang dimiliki masyarakat, tentu banyak hal bisa diperbuat, mereka bisa mendidik anak-anak dengan baik, membangun hubungan sosial yang lebih adil dan ketentraman beribadah bisa diraih. Pilar ketiga adalah urusan perut, urusan jasmani.
Masyarakat itu ibarat manusia, ia akan bergerak lincah, aktif dan progresif, ketika ada kehendak yang kuat, didukung oleh pemikiran cemerlang dan sehat secara fisik. Namun itu, belum lengkap, karena manusia ada unsur ruhani (hati). Dalam konteks inilah, berdirinya Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) tahun 1926 bisa dipahami sebagai bagian dari pilar kemasyarakatan yang dipersiapkan para kyai untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia. Nahdlatul Ulama, yang berarti kebangkitan ulama, berarti menempatkan ulama sebagai teladan, pemimbing ruhani, pengarah masyarakat dan penjaga moral. Sebuah masyarakat harus ada keteladanannya. Ulama sebagai pewaris nabi, menjadi teladan yang tepat bagi masyarakat dalam kehidupan di dunia ini. Pilar keempat ini, yakni NU, menurut saya adalah ibarat hatinya, inti dari pergerakan masyarakat yang hendak merdeka.
Lihatlah, bagaimana perang 10 November 1945 di Surabaya, yang demikian dahsyat, keempat pilar ini begitu nyata mewujud. Masyarakat yang berjuang sebagai tentara rakyat, atau pejuang hizbullah atau lainnya adalah buah dari penanaman rasa cinta tanah air yang kuat. Strategi perang yang dijalankan oleh para pejuang, ketika menghadapi kekuatan sekutu yang tidak seimbang, bisa berhasil gemilang dan menundukkan kekuatan negara adi daya di dunia saat itu. Kesadaran membangun kemandirian ekonomi, mampu membantu masyarakat berani melempar jauh belenggu kolonialisme yang selama ini menjerat, karena alasan-alasan ekonomi. Para kyai memiliki peran kunci, baik dalam perjuangan bersenjata maupun berdiplomasi. Mereka memberi teladan kesabaran, keteguhan hati, berani mati syahid demi negeri yang dicintai.
Jadi, pendirian Nahldatul Wathan, Taswirul Afkar, Nahdlatu Tujjar dan Nahdlatul Ulama adalah satu kesatuan yang tidak dipisahkan. Bahkan pola empat pilar ini akan tetap relevan sampai zaman yang akan datang. Masyarakat Indonesia yang sudah memasuki usia 71 tahun, tetap harus memperhatikan nasionalisme, pendidikan (pemikiran), perekonomian dan keteladanan religius. Ketika abai terhadap salah satu pilar saja, maka masyarakat akan menuju sebuah problem serius dan akan merusak bangunan besarnya, yakni Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Bagi, warga NU, memperingati hari kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, berarti meneguhkan kecintaannya kepada Nahldatul Ulama (NU). Mencintai NU, berarti mencintai Indonesia. Demikianlah, NU dan Indonesia tak dapat dipisahkan.
Dirgahayu Republik Indonesia ke-71
http://www.dialogilmu.com
Membicarakan NU, tak bisa lepas dari sosok Kiyai Hasyim Muzadi.
Oh, kangen Abah
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